Alternating-current meter.



W. STNLY.

ALTERNATE CURRENT METER.

APPLIUATIGN FILED um. 21, 190s.

941,469; I Patenced Nov. 30, i909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l,

W. STANLY.

ALTERNATE GURRENT METER. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1906.

QMAGQ. Patented Novo, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET s.

311 Lw l l For.

narran srarias errar WLLIAM STANLY, OF GREAT BARRINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOE T ELECTRIC CGMPANY, A CORPORATDN OF NEW YORK.

ALTERNATINGCURRENT METER.

gateau.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented uw. se, frees.

Application filed March 21, 1906. Serial No. 307,174.

To all 'whom it may' concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STANLY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Great Barrington, county of Berkshire, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternateurrent Meters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. 4

lily? invention relates to alternate current meters, and has for its object to provide a simple meter having a mechanically simple high torque motive device in which the resultant torque is due to the differential action `of two' independent torque-producing devices upon a common disk, and constitutes an improvement upon the apparatus described in my applications, Serial No. 2,558,643, tiled November 23, 1905, Serial No. 306,728, filedA March 19, 1906.

in the applications above lreferred to, l have described a device employing two independent alternating current motors having their rotary members connected to a commonstail or shaft, and acted upon by their respective inductors, the construction being such that neither inductor produces currents 1n the conductor acted upon by the other. The torques of the two motor devicesl vary as the squares of the fluxes of their re'- spective inductors and are opposed to one another, withthe result that the resultant torque varies as the dill'erencc of the squares of said fluxes.

f The present invention relates to means for accomplishing the same result, in which two motor devices are -not physically independent, since the same induced system is acted upon by the two inductors. The construction is such, however, 'that independent torques only are produced. The elimination of one disk results in a simplified forni of apparatus that nevertheless possesses the desirable properties and qualities set ont in the application above referred to.

Nhen a common induced body is used, it is necessary in order that the apparatus may be subjected to a torque which is rigorously pr poi-tional to the energy of the circuit to vwhich it is connected, that the independence of each motor be preserved, and that no Inu-- tual reaction shall take place between either inductor and the. currents produced by the 1 other, or between one induced current and the field produced by the other induced cur rent, such as Will influence the torque of either motor.

In instruments-of this class, as described in the application mentioned, in order to measure the true energy of the circuit, the resultant torque is proportional to the formula (a-i-tf)2 (cz-ZIP, Where a+?) and c-b represent the vectorl sum and ditierence of two currents proportional to the electromotive force and the current of the circuit` lto be measured. p

The following is a description of appa ratas embodying my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a plan view of a meter einbodyingniy invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same With the brake magnets removed. Fig. 3- is a side elevation of Fig. 1, and Fig. i is a dii-,gram of circuits.

Referring more particularly to the dran. ings, A. is a rotatable member, preferably a disk. It is formed of conducting material, preferably of very lov. resistance. B B two poles energized by the windings C C' and producing magnetic fields proportional respectively to the vector sum and to the vector difference of currents that represent by their values the electr-emotive force and' current of the circuit to be measured. D is an attracting armature of iron, arranged in such a position that the eddy or secondary currents induced in the disk produce strong magnetic tiellds in it, which reactupon said currents to produce torques in the dislnas indicated by the arrows (Fig. l). rlhc energizing Winding C C" are preferably single windings, as shown in the diagram Fig. 4, in series with the generator Dand translating devices L, as distinguished from the double windings shown and/described in my application above referred to. "Villiers these single windings are used, they are shunted respectiveli`- by the secondari'es E E l vided for equaliziiig the components of the i current to be measured inthe two coils ,C C.,

`vThecurrent tobemeasured tlows through l the-coil 1C inthe opposite direction to its direction of flow through the-coil C, with the result that in the coil C the currents from the generator to be measured: andi-'the current from the secondary E flow inthe I y same direction, while in the coil C, the current tofb'e, measured and Vthe cuifrent from' the secondary E flow in opposite directions,

as, indicated by'ifull and ottedarrows, respectively. 'The electromotive forces in the secondaries E E are displaced by 1809 from the electromotive force atthe terminals of the primary F, 'and are,therefore, in phase with theelectromotive forces impressed upon l theterminalslof the coils C C', :through the kthe work current'iis ofi unity conductors leading directly vfrom the gener ator. 1- Thesecondary current and the component ofthe vwork current flowing through the coil-Cmill, therefore, be in 'phase when oWer factor, will be dirlh'e .re-

while the currentsAv in thejfcoil rectly opposed to- VVone another.

. sultant-cunent in the coil C will', therefore, lbe equal tof-f-b, wherea represents-a cui-,

' rent Zproportional to the electromotive force and represents acurrent proportional to the Worlr current, and the resultant current in' C willuloe e'v 'ual tow-b..v When the current n the vwoll," .fcircuit lags, the currents in C and C will be respectively the vector sum and diiierencecof .aand-b andA will reduce corresponding,iuxesacting upon t e rotatable member;

' The reactions here taking placej have been fully described in'my application'above refer-red to. When the coils C C are dieu metrically placed and an armature is used, the` reactions described result in the produc tion of two torques varying as the squares ot' their r'espective''liuxes, on opposite sides of the center of the disk, which, therefore, op-l pose one another and which, if of equal value; have no eiiective resultant. This is the. condition of the instrument when the circuit to which it is attached isnot conveying or delivering energy to translating devices, a condition which may exist either with no purrent upon the Work circuitor when that current is displaced from its electromotive force by exactly 90. In either of these cases, the torques of the two motors `are oequal value, andv if applied on oppo-4 site sides'of a diameter at equal distances from the center of the diskv are ineffective in producing resultant motion. If, however, a current conveying energy is traversing the Work' circuit and therefore possesses a component which is in phase with its electromotive force, the values of the magnetizations employed, as above described; are no l-longer eqi1al,but. the magnetization, is-su pcriorupon the side a+?? and inferior upon such diameter.

@einen the opposite side, so that a resultan't-torque` proportional .to (G14-6212 tas-by is produced- In carrying' out the invention and employing an armature, l have found that the the- 'oretical position at which independence of the two motor devices exists 1s not on op positef sides of vthe center of the disk, but lthat-the two inducing ields should be upon a line arall'el to the diameter and at a dis Ilieret'rom depending upon the linear and electrical dimensions of the structure employed; thus, if inductors are applied to 'a very large disk, the independence oi action is obtained when the fluxes are very near to the diameter' of the secondary member, while, it' a small structure is employed, the

vindependence of action is obtained lonly when a line joining the fluxes isparallei and removed to a considerable distance from Again, independence of action ot' the twormotors is obtained'by displacing the fluxes but a very small distance freiny the diainetei'-when the reluctance of the attracting armature to the flux induced in itis great, and conversely, the impressed fields of the two inotors'must be displaced farther from the diameter when the reluctance ot' the attracting armature lis small. By suitably choosing the points of application of the iuxes, according to the rules thus laid down, absolute independence of action between the two motors Ycan easily he oh-.

tained, even when such motors are energized by fluxes' of .different phase. The phenomena that 'would cause mutual reactive eiliects to he exerted by one motor upon the other when the inducing poles are diametricall y, opposite,-'which effects it is necessary o eliminatein order to secure 'independence of motor actiom-are complicated and some-- what difficult to explain, but I attributey such 1reactive effectsl occurring when the fields of the'two motors are energized by phase-different lfluxes to the torque exertedE 11a-ted, introduce'intothe torque equation of the meter a torque component in quadrature with that desired, and this reaction would be apparent when. the meter was called upon tol measure lagging or leading currents del livered to the work circuit.

lijf' the -)windings C C are suela that when tlievworlrieurrent is of unity power factor,

duced u lpoles presented to the v saines the poles presented to the disk are of the same sign, the menait that when lagging leenergized by the than the le energized by the windmg C `ithe armature D were absent' a-bY. t he counter clockwise torque mightthen be produced upon the disk by a rotating field action. With the amature D present, however, and-pro rl placed, this torque is eliminated, an t e resultant'torque pron the disk is yin a' clock-wlse directionan independent of any phase difierence, depending' entirely upon the field strengthsof the two opposin motors.' If the windings jG C are such t atv when the work current is of yunit power. factor the k are of opposite sign, the result is that whenl lag g cur- `rents are used the ole energizedm by the winding C is'later'm phase than the pole by the winding G. Any torque enerrzed' -whi might,in theabsence of the armature "anyt phase difference, the same as in the D, be produced by these dephased fields is also eliminated by the proper adjustment of the armature D, so that in this case also the resultant torque produced upon the diskis ih a clockwise direction and independent of other case. The resultant torque is proportional tothe energyl of the current to be measured and such proportionality is main# tained 'by theelmination of. hase-differing actions produced by the iel employedin develo lng lthe torque of the instrument in contra motion to lthe ,apparatus of the prior art in which the torque of the instrument is soley roportional toand is due to such phase i erence,

'The meter abovedescribed operates and is etl'ective solely because of the difference of values of the fluxes employed in its two component motor devices, the relative phase relationship of such fluxes being ineffective to roduce the torque.

- mbracingone 'member 'of the disk arel, permanent magnets I -wlxich act to retard its movement, the action having the proper retardig law for the instrument.v The core T, surrounded by the transformer windings E E and F may be formedfrom the same stampings which are used to form the magnetic circuits for lthe energizing coils C C', as shown in Figs'. 2 and 3, the magnetic circuits being made. of laminated iron, Ain the usual manner. 4 Y

My invention permits of various modifications in form and proportion of parts, the

. form which I have shown and described, be; in however, the one preferred by me. VhatIclaimisz- Y 1. In an Yalternate current' meter, two independent inductors, a secondary element common to-said inductors and inductively acted upon thereby, and means for eliminating torque produced by the mutual reactive effects of sald inductors and for establishing opposing torques.

2. n an alternate-current meter, two independent inductors, a common secondary element acted upon inductively by said inductors, and an armature for causing'said inductors to produce a resultant tor ue proportional to the energy of the circu1t to be neasured by the difference of value of their uxes.

3. In an alternate current meter, a mov-` able element, means for producing two fields acting inductively upon the common movable element, and means for eliminating the 'tor ue due to' the phase difference of said fields 'and establishing o posing torques and thereby producing resullt) tional to the energy of the current to .be measured.

4. In an alternate current meter, electromagnets wound so as to produce fluxes proportional. t'o the vector sum and vector diff ference of maletizin forces proportional to the potent-ia and vo ume of current to, be

electromagnets, and an armature for causin currents induced in said element to es ta lish opposing torques. p

5.4-In a meter, a ma etic structure composed of three maghetic circuits, coils surrounding two of said circuits wound so as toproduce fluxes roportional to the vector.. sum and vector iierence of ma etizing forces pro ortional to the potentia'n mary and secondary 7windings surroun ing `the third circuit.

6. I'n an alternate current meter, the combination of a movable conducting body, two 105 polar projections, energizing coi wound sol as to produce fluxes proportional to the .vector sum and vector difference of mag- 'netizing forces proportional to the potential and vo a magnetic armature located adjacent-'tn said poles'soas to oduce o sin tor ues. LLIA ST NL Witnesses:

JosEPH C. FREIN, J. M. S. SfroNE.

ant torque propormeasured, a common disk acted upon by the 'and the 10o volume o current to be measured, and riume of current to be measured, and 

